Enkephalinase inhibitor

An enkephalinase inhibitor is a type of enzyme inhibitor which inhibits one or more members of the enkephalinase class of enzymes that break down the endogenous enkephalin opioid peptides.

Some examples of enkephalinase inhibitors include bestatin, BL-2401, kelatorphan, D-phenylalanine, racecadotril, RB-101, RB-120, RB-3007, thiorphan, tynorphin, and ubenimex, as well as the endogenous compounds opiorphin and spinorphin.^[1]

Analgesic, anticraving, antidepressant, anxiolytic, and antidiarrheal effects are common properties of enkephalinase inhibitors.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Thanawala V, Kadam VJ, Ghosh R (October 2008). "Enkephalinase inhibitors: potential agents for the management of pain". Current Drug Targets 9 (10): 887–94. PMID 18855623. http://www.benthamdirect.org/pages/content.php?CDT/2008/00000009/00000010/0009J.SGM.

Analgesics (N02A, N02B)

Opioids
See also: Opioids template

Opium & alkaloids thereof	Codeine^# • Morphine^# • Opium • Laudanum • Paregoric

Semi-synthetic opium derivatives	Acetyldihydrocodeine • Benzylmorphine • Buprenorphine • Desomorphine • Dihydrocodeine • Dihydromorphine • Ethylmorphine • Diamorphine • Hydrocodone • Hydromorphinol • Hydromorphone • Nicocodeine • Nicodicodeine • Nicomorphine • Oxycodone • Oxymorphone

Synthetic opioids	Alphaprodine • Anileridine • Butorphanol • Dextromoramide • Dextropropoxyphene • Dezocine • Fentanyl • Ketobemidone • Levorphanol • Methadone • Meptazinol • Nalbuphine • Pentazocine • Propoxyphene • Propiram • Pethidine • Phenazocine • Piminodine • Piritramide • Tapentadol • Tilidine • Tramadol

Pyrazolones

Ampyrone/Aminophenazone • Metamizole • Phenazone • Propyphenazone

Cannabinoids

Ajulemic acid • AM404 • Cannabidiol • Cannabis • Nabilone • Nabiximols • Tetrahydrocannabinol

Anilides

Paracetamol (acetaminophen)^# • Phenacetin • Propacetamol

Non-steroidal
anti-inflammatories
See also: NSAIDs template

Propionic acid class	Fenoprofen • Flurbiprofen • Ibuprofen^# • Ketoprofen • Naproxen • Oxaprozin

Oxicam class	Meloxicam • Piroxicam

Acetic acid class	Diclofenac • Indometacin • Ketorolac • Nabumetone • Sulindac • Tolmetin

COX-2 inhibitors	Celecoxib • Rofecoxib • Valdecoxib • Parecoxib • Lumiracoxib

Anthranilic acid (fenamate) class	Meclofenamate • Mefenamic acid

Salicylates	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)^# • Benorylate • Diflunisal • Ethenzamide • Magnesium salicylate • Salicin • Salicylamide • Salsalate • Trisalate • Wintergreen (Methyl salicylate)

Atypical, adjuvant and potentiators,
Metabolic agents and miscellaneous

Amitryptiline • Befiradol • Bicifadine • Carisoprodol • Camphor • Cimetidine • Clonidine • Chlorzoxazone • Cyclobenzaprine • Duloxetine • Esreboxetine • Flupirtine • Gabapentin • Glafenine • Hydroxyzine • Ketamine • Menthol • Mephenoxalone • Methocarbamol • Nefopam • Orphenadrine • Pregabalin • Proglumide • Scopolamine • Tebanicline • Trazodone • Gabapentin enacarbil • Ziconotide

^#WHO-EM. ^‡Withdrawn from market. Clinical trials: ^†Phase III. ^§Never to phase III

M: CNS

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

Antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory/anti-infective agents (A07)

Rehydration

Oral rehydration therapy

Intestinal anti-infectives

Antibiotics (Neomycin, Nystatin, Natamycin, Streptomycin, Polymyxin B, Paromomycin, Amphotericin B, Kanamycin, Vancomycin, Colistin, Rifaximin)

Sulfonamides (Phthalylsulfathiazole, Sulfaguanidine, Succinylsulfathiazole)

Nitrofuran (Nifuroxazide, Nifurzide)

Imidazole (Miconazole)

Arsenical (Acetarsol)

Oxyquinoline (Broxyquinoline)

Intestinal adsorbents

Charcoal • Bismuth • Pectin • Kaolin • Crospovidone • Attapulgite • Diosmectite

Antipropulsives (opioids)

Opium Tincture (Laudanum) • Codeine • Morphine • Camphorated Opium Tincture (Paregoric)

crosses BBB: Diphenoxylate (Diphenoxylate/atropine) • Difenoxin

does not cross BBB: Loperamide

Intestinal anti-inflammatory agents

corticosteroids acting locally (Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Betamethasone, Tixocortol, Budesonide, Beclometasone)

antiallergic agents, excluding corticosteroids (Cromoglicic acid)

aminosalicylic acid and similar agents (Sulfasalazine, Mesalazine, Olsalazine, Balsalazide)

Antidiarrheal micro-organisms

Saccharomyces boulardii

Other antidiarrheals

Albumin tannate • Ceratonia • Octreotide • Racecadotril

M: DIG

anat(t, g, p)/phys/devp/enzy

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug(A2A/2B/3/4/5/6/7/14/16), blte

Opioids

Opium and
poppy straw
derivatives

Crude opiate extracts/
whole opium products

Compote/Kompot/Polish heroin • Diascordium • B & O Supprettes • Dover's powder • Kendal Black Drop • Laudanum • Mithridate • Opium • Paregoric • Poppy straw concentrate • Poppy tea • Smoking opium • Theriac

Natural opiates

Opium alkaloids see also: Components of opium	Codeine • Morphine • Oripavine • Pseudomorphine • Thebaine

Alkaloid salts mixtures	Pantopon • Papaveretum (Omnopon)

Semisynthetics
including
Bentley compounds

Morphine family	2,4-Dinitrophenylmorphine • 6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine • Azidomorphine • Chlornaltrexamine • Dihydrodesoxymorphine (Desomorphine) • Dihydromorphine • Hydromorphinol • Methyldesorphine • N-Phenethylnormorphine • RAM-378

3,6-diesters of morphine	Acetylpropionylmorphine • Diacetyldihydromorphine (Dihydroheroin, Acetylmorphinol) • Dibenzoylmorphine • Dipropanoylmorphine • Heroin (Diacetylmorphine) • Nicomorphine

Codeine-dionine family	6-Monoacetylcodeine • Benzylmorphine • Codeine methylbromide • Methyldihydromorphine (Dihydroheterocodeine) • Ethylmorphine (Dionine) • Heterocodeine • Morpholinylethylmorphine (Pholcodine) • Myrophine

Morphinones and morphols	14-Cinnamoyloxycodeinone • 14-Ethoxymetopon • 14-Methoxymetopon • 14-Phenylpropoxymetopon • 7-Spiroindanyloxymorphone • Acetylmorphone • Codeinone • Codorphone • Codoxime • IBNtxA • Thebacon (Acetyldihydrocodeinone / Dihydrocodeinone enol acetate) • Hydrocodone • Hydromorphone • Metopon • Morphinone • N-Phenethyl-14-ethoxymetopon • Oxycodone • Oxymorphol • Oxymorphone • Pentamorphone • Semorphone

Morphides	Chloromorphide

Dihydrocodeine series	14-hydroxydihydrocodeine • Acetyldihydrocodeine • Dihydrocodeine • Nicocodeine • Nicodicodeine

Nitrogen morphine derivatives	Morphine-N-Oxide

Hydrazones	Oxymorphazone

Halogenated morphine derivatives	1-Iodomorphine

Active opiate
metabolites

Morphine-6-glucuronide • 6-Monoacetylmorphine • Norcodeine • Normorphine

Morphinans

Morphinan series	Cyclorphan • Dextrallorphan • Levorphanol • Levophenacylmorphan • Levomethorphan • Morphinan-3-ol • Norlevorphanol • Oxilorphan • Phenomorphan • Methorphan/Racemethorphan • Morphanol/Racemorphanol • Ro4-1539 • Xorphanol

Others	Butorphanol • Cyprodime • Drotebanol • Nalbuphine • Sinomenine (Cocculine)

Benzomorphans

8-Carboxamidocyclazocine • Alazocine • Bremazocine • Cogazocine • Dezocine • Eptazocine • Fedotozine • Ketazocine • Metazocine • Pentazocine • Phenazocine • Tonazocine • Volazocine • Zenazocine

4-Phenylpiperidines

Pethidines (Meperidines)	4-Fluoromeperidine • Allylnorpethidine • Anileridine • Benzethidine • Carperidine • Difenoxin • Diphenoxylate • Etoxeridine (Carbetidine) • Furethidine • Hydroxypethidine (Bemidone) • Morpheridine • Oxpheneridine (Carbamethidine) • Pethidine (Meperidine) • Pethidine Intermediate A • Pethidine Intermediate B (Norpethidine) • Pethidine Intermediate C (Pethidinic Acid) • Pheneridine • Phenoperidine • Piminodine • Properidine (Ipropethidine) • Sameridine

Prodines	Allylprodine • Meprodine (α-meprodine / β-meprodine) • MPPP (Desmethylprodine) • PEPAP • Prodine (α-prodine / β-prodine) • Prosidol • Trimeperidine (Promedol)

Ketobemidones	Acetoxyketobemidone • Droxypropine • Ketobemidone • Methylketobemidone • Propylketobemidone

Others	Alvimopan • Loperamide • Picenadol

Open chain
opioids

Amidones	Dipipanone • Methadone • Normethadone • Norpipanone • Phenadoxone (Heptazone)

Methadols	Alphaacetylmethadol • Dimepheptanol (Racemethadol) • Levacetylmethadol • Noracymethadol

Moramides	Desmethylmoramide • Dextromoramide • Levomoramide • Moramide/Racemoramide

Thiambutenes	Diethylthiambutene • Dimethylthiambutene • Ethylmethylthiambutene • Piperidylthiambutene • Pyrrolidinylthiambutene • Thiambutene • Tipepidine

Phenalkoxams	Dextropropoxyphene (Propoxyphene) • Dimenoxadol • Dioxaphetyl Butyrate • Levopropoxyphene • Norpropoxyphene

Ampromides	Diampromide • Phenampromide • Propiram

Others	IC-26 • Isoaminile • Lefetamine • R-4066